What this report finds
- 128,868 unitsauthorised in July 2026, +6.1% against July 2025 but −1.3% against June 2026.
- +14.5%for buildings of five units or more, against +2.1% for single-family. The month's growth is almost entirely apartments.
- −1.6%on the trailing twelve months — the pipeline is down even though the single month is up. Single-family is −6.2% over that window against +8.6% for multifamily.
- 37.4%of authorised units were not single-family, against 35.0% a year ago.
- 198 countiescost more than 4.5 times local household income and permit less than the national median — unaffordable, and not building.
The Census Bureau authorised 128,868 new privately-owned housing units in July 2026. That is 6.1% more than July 2025 and 1.3% fewer than June 2026 — and both of those comparisons are less informative than the one the rest of this report is built on: over the twelve months ending July 2026, permitting is −1.6% against the twelve before it, with single-family −6.2% and multifamily +8.6%. The market is not slowing or accelerating so much as changing shape.
01The month in one number
- 128,868
- Units authorised, Jul 2026
- +6.1%
- Against July 2025
- 1,413,649
- Trailing 12 months
- 4.14
- Units per 1,000 residents
- 84,278
- Buildings, Jul 2026
- $34.2B
- Reported construction value
−1.3% vs Jun 2026
121,488 units a year ago
Aug 2025 – Jul 2026 · −1.6% year over year
Trailing 12 months · 2025 population
+2.2% year over year
+3.0% year over year · $265,624 per unit
A single month of building permits is the least useful number in the release. The county and place series are not seasonally adjusted, permits are lumpy at every grain below the nation — one approved apartment tower can double a county's month — and the Census Bureau revises recent months as late reports arrive. So the month is reported here, and then set aside.
The rolling line is the honest picture of the pipeline, and it says the twelve months ending July 2026 produced 1,413,649 authorised units against 1,437,283 in the twelve months before — −1.6%. A reader who saw only the July 2026 headline of +6.1% would draw the opposite conclusion about direction. Both numbers are true; they answer different questions.
02Single-family and multifamily
The Census Bureau counts permits in four structure classes: one unit, two units, three and four units, and five or more. The first is the detached-and-attached owner-occupied market; the last is apartments. They are behaving very differently.
- 80,611
- Single-family units, Jul 2026
- 43,236
- Units in buildings of 5+
- 5,021
- Units in 2–4 unit buildings
- 37.4%
- Share not single-family
+2.1% year over year
+14.5% year over year
+1.7% for duplexes, +12.2% for 3–4 unit
35.0% in July 2025
Over the trailing year single-family permitting is −6.2% and multifamily is +8.6%. That divergence is the single most important fact in this release. It means the units being added are smaller, denser and overwhelmingly rental — a different product answering a different constraint than the one the single-family series measures. It also means a national “housing starts are up” headline and a local builder's experience of a soft market can both be accurate at once.
Note. The Census Bureau publishes construction valuation for the permit programme as a whole, not split by structure class, so this report gives value per unit only in aggregate: $265,624 in Jul 2026 against $273,549 a year earlier. Because the mix is shifting toward smaller units, a falling value per unit is partly a mix effect and not only a cost signal.
03Regions and divisions
| # | Region | Jul 2026 | vs year ago | Trailing 12mo | 12mo y/y | Per 1,000 | Not 1-unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South | 67,902 | +2.6% | 736,238 | −6.0% | 5.50 | 29.2% |
| 2 | West | 26,781 | +9.6% | 325,021 | +4.2% | 4.06 | 43.4% |
| 3 | Midwest | 21,183 | +6.0% | 210,961 | −1.0% | 3.02 | 40.3% |
| 4 | Northeast | 13,002 | +19.6% | 141,429 | +9.6% | 2.44 | 60.9% |
South authorised 67,902 units in Jul 2026, more than any other region, and 736,238 over the trailing year. But volume and momentum are not the same thing: the fastest year-over-year growth belongs to Northeast at +19.6%, on a base roughly 5 times smaller. The regional multifamily shares are the tell — Northeast put 60.9% of its trailing-year units in buildings of more than one unit, against 29.2% in the South.
| # | Division | States | Jul 2026 | vs year ago | Trailing 12mo | Per 1,000 | Not 1-unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Atlantic | 9 | 38,924 | +8.1% | 412,915 | 5.88 | 30.0% |
| 2 | West South Central | 4 | 21,632 | −4.6% | 238,304 | 5.47 | 29.5% |
| 3 | Pacific | 5 | 13,477 | +12.4% | 170,425 | 3.17 | 50.4% |
| 4 | Mountain | 8 | 13,304 | +6.8% | 154,596 | 5.87 | 35.7% |
| 5 | East North Central | 5 | 11,666 | −9.8% | 126,869 | 2.66 | 39.5% |
| 6 | Middle Atlantic | 3 | 9,286 | +24.1% | 105,222 | 2.47 | 63.4% |
| 7 | East South Central | 4 | 7,346 | −2.2% | 85,019 | 4.24 | 24.5% |
| 8 | West North Central | 7 | 9,517 | +34.9% | 84,092 | 3.81 | 41.6% |
| 9 | New England | 6 | 3,716 | +9.6% | 36,207 | 2.35 | 53.5% |
04All 50 states and DC
Change in permitting, trailing twelve months
- Rhode Island+46.8%
- District of Columbia+37.1%
- New York+35.4%
- Kansas+24.6%
- Montana+22.0%
- Oregon+15.0%
- New Hampshire+14.6%
- Washington+13.3%
- California+12.9%
- Mississippi+12.7%
- Arizona−14.8%
- Nevada−14.7%
- Texas−13.4%
- Maryland−12.0%
- Illinois−10.0%
- New Mexico−9.3%
- Indiana−8.9%
- Florida−8.8%
- Alaska−8.8%
- Hawaii−8.4%
The spread between Rhode Island at +46.8% and Arizona at −14.8% is the range a national average conceals. On a per-resident basis the ranking reorders again: Idaho authorised 8.86 units per 1,000 residents over the trailing year, roughly 2 times the national rate of 4.14, while Alaska managed 1.15.
| # | State | Jul 2026 | vs prior mo | vs year ago | Trailing 12mo | 12mo y/y | Per 1,000 | Not 1-unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Texas (TX) | 18,391 | +11.1% | −4.5% | 193,634 | −13.4% | 6.11 | 29.9% |
| 2 | Florida (FL) | 16,024 | +17.6% | +9.3% | 157,984 | −8.8% | 6.73 | 31.7% |
| 3 | California (CA) | 8,285 | −17.3% | +11.0% | 110,772 | +12.9% | 2.81 | 49.6% |
| 4 | North Carolina (NC) | 7,727 | −7.9% | +8.0% | 86,578 | −2.2% | 7.73 | 29.5% |
| 5 | Georgia (GA) | 5,473 | −5.4% | −1.4% | 60,146 | −2.8% | 5.32 | 29.3% |
| 6 | New York (NY) | 4,556 | +3.7% | +57.6% | 47,895 | +35.4% | 2.39 | 78.6% |
| 7 | South Carolina (SC) | 4,436 | −4.9% | +17.7% | 46,376 | +1.0% | 8.33 | 14.9% |
| 8 | Arizona (AZ) | 3,392 | −29.9% | −25.0% | 45,514 | −14.8% | 5.97 | 31.6% |
| 9 | Tennessee (TN) | 4,028 | +17.4% | −2.5% | 41,652 | −6.8% | 5.69 | 26.0% |
| 10 | Washington (WA) | 3,694 | +4.4% | +37.9% | 39,766 | +13.3% | 4.97 | 56.4% |
| 11 | Virginia (VA) | 3,228 | −7.0% | +25.3% | 35,871 | +5.7% | 4.04 | 43.0% |
| 12 | Colorado (CO) | 2,740 | +15.4% | +23.5% | 34,023 | +6.8% | 5.66 | 48.9% |
| 13 | Ohio (OH) | 3,198 | +33.0% | +15.2% | 32,124 | −1.3% | 2.70 | 45.5% |
| 14 | New Jersey (NJ) | 2,211 | −20.9% | −16.2% | 31,859 | −8.3% | 3.34 | 57.7% |
| 15 | Indiana (IN) | 2,354 | −2.0% | −12.5% | 27,651 | −8.9% | 3.97 | 27.7% |
| 16 | Utah (UT) | 2,633 | +40.2% | +44.5% | 26,587 | +11.3% | 7.51 | 38.5% |
| 17 | Wisconsin (WI) | 2,634 | +9.8% | −13.9% | 25,487 | +5.5% | 4.27 | 48.0% |
| 18 | Pennsylvania (PA) | 2,519 | −1.0% | +28.8% | 25,468 | +0.8% | 1.95 | 42.0% |
| 19 | Michigan (MI) | 2,026 | −10.0% | −11.4% | 22,926 | −0.4% | 2.26 | 33.5% |
| 20 | Minnesota (MN) | 2,645 | +8.8% | +25.8% | 22,469 | +5.7% | 3.85 | 42.3% |
| 21 | Alabama (AL) | 1,560 | −15.2% | +3.9% | 21,040 | +10.6% | 4.05 | 18.8% |
| 22 | Illinois (IL) | 1,454 | −1.2% | −31.7% | 18,681 | −10.0% | 1.47 | 42.2% |
| 23 | Missouri (MO) | 1,528 | −26.0% | +27.9% | 18,008 | −1.3% | 2.87 | 33.9% |
| 24 | Idaho (ID) | 1,959 | +18.0% | +32.9% | 17,991 | −2.3% | 8.86 | 21.4% |
| 25 | Oregon (OR) | 1,102 | −37.4% | −25.2% | 15,628 | +15.0% | 3.66 | 42.3% |
| 26 | Arkansas (AR) | 976 | −15.1% | −18.9% | 15,516 | +4.0% | 4.98 | 36.9% |
| 27 | Nevada (NV) | 1,098 | −37.9% | −11.5% | 15,176 | −14.7% | 4.62 | 34.0% |
| 28 | Oklahoma (OK) | 1,295 | −15.2% | +14.1% | 14,776 | +4.0% | 3.58 | 27.3% |
| 29 | Louisiana (LA) | 970 | −20.6% | −10.4% | 14,378 | +3.1% | 3.11 | 18.8% |
| 30 | Kentucky (KY) | 1,101 | +3.3% | −10.7% | 13,657 | −6.3% | 2.96 | 38.0% |
| 31 | Massachusetts (MA) | 1,454 | −39.7% | +32.9% | 13,482 | +7.8% | 1.88 | 61.4% |
| 32 | Maryland (MD) | 1,039 | +1.1% | −11.4% | 13,335 | −12.0% | 2.13 | 36.0% |
| 33 | Iowa (IA) | 1,512 | +7.2% | +55.4% | 13,042 | −3.6% | 4.03 | 43.3% |
| 34 | Kansas (KS) | 1,209 | +9.0% | +34.3% | 12,026 | +24.6% | 4.04 | 47.1% |
| 35 | Nebraska (NE) | 1,544 | +37.1% | +46.9% | 10,400 | −7.3% | 5.15 | 44.6% |
| 36 | Mississippi (MS) | 657 | −5.1% | +1.5% | 8,670 | +12.7% | 2.93 | 9.7% |
| 37 | New Mexico (NM) | 710 | +8.9% | +18.1% | 7,556 | −9.3% | 3.55 | 19.6% |
| 38 | Maine (ME) | 1,023 | +43.3% | +77.6% | 6,817 | +6.6% | 4.82 | 34.7% |
| 39 | Connecticut (CT) | 409 | −52.1% | −57.8% | 6,478 | −3.7% | 1.76 | 68.1% |
| 40 | Delaware (DE) | 607 | −9.0% | +1.0% | 6,375 | −0.5% | 6.01 | 16.5% |
| 41 | South Dakota (SD) | 808 | −7.7% | +52.7% | 5,905 | −3.4% | 6.31 | 45.6% |
| 42 | Montana (MT) | 606 | +71.2% | +59.5% | 5,761 | +22.0% | 5.03 | 53.7% |
| 43 | New Hampshire (NH) | 472 | −30.2% | +15.4% | 5,062 | +14.6% | 3.58 | 37.8% |
| 44 | West Virginia (WV) | 354 | +2.6% | −17.1% | 4,015 | 0.0% | 2.27 | 11.9% |
| 45 | Hawaii (HI) | 318 | +3.9% | +3.6% | 3,412 | −8.4% | 2.38 | 40.5% |
| 46 | Vermont (VT) | 138 | −22.9% | −28.9% | 2,283 | +5.3% | 3.54 | 46.8% |
| 47 | North Dakota (ND) | 271 | −7.8% | −10.6% | 2,242 | −3.9% | 2.80 | 31.3% |
| 48 | District of Columbia (DC) | 36 | −94.4% | −56.1% | 2,235 | +37.1% | 3.22 | 89.4% |
| 49 | Rhode Island (RI) | 220 | +15.2% | +49.7% | 2,085 | +46.8% | 1.87 | 63.5% |
| 50 | Wyoming (WY) | 166 | −9.8% | −15.7% | 1,988 | −1.4% | 3.38 | 23.4% |
| 51 | Alaska (AK) | 78 | +6.8% | +11.4% | 847 | −8.8% | 1.15 | 46.6% |
Note. Multifamily share varies more across states than total volume does: District of Columbia is at 89.4% of trailing-year units in buildings of more than one unit, against 9.7% in Mississippi. Comparing two states' permit totals without reading their mix compares two different products.
05Metropolitan areas
The Census Bureau began publishing metropolitan-area permit files in January 2024, so the metro history here runs 29 months, from Mar 2024 to Jul 2026 — shorter than the 60 months available for states and counties. Every metro figure below respects that shorter window.
| # | Metro area | Jul 2026 | Trailing 12mo | 12mo y/y | Per 1,000 | Not 1-unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington TX | 5,102 | 61,275 | −11.9% | 7.23 | 38.5% |
| 2 | Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands TX | 5,773 | 59,214 | −13.0% | 7.49 | 24.6% |
| 3 | New York-Newark-Jersey City NY-NJ | 4,939 | 57,375 | +19.4% | 2.85 | 81.3% |
| 4 | Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler AZ | 2,401 | 35,159 | −13.5% | 6.72 | 35.9% |
| 5 | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim CA | 2,776 | 34,696 | +30.6% | 2.70 | 63.4% |
| 6 | Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell GA | 2,870 | 33,511 | −5.5% | 5.17 | 35.9% |
| 7 | Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos TX | 2,605 | 23,056 | −25.3% | 8.80 | 36.6% |
| 8 | Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater FL | 2,473 | 22,392 | +14.5% | 6.55 | 39.0% |
| 9 | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria DC-VA-MD-WV | 1,844 | 21,779 | +18.8% | 3.37 | 55.5% |
| 10 | Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford FL | 2,008 | 21,166 | −22.1% | 7.16 | 42.2% |
| 11 | Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue WA | 1,702 | 20,712 | +35.8% | 4.98 | 70.6% |
| 12 | Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia NC-SC | 1,289 | 19,485 | −19.3% | 6.63 | 32.7% |
| 13 | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach FL | 2,732 | 18,973 | −7.4% | 2.97 | 69.3% |
| 14 | Raleigh-Cary NC | 1,538 | 18,703 | +0.7% | 11.72 | 36.7% |
| 15 | Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin TN | 1,472 | 16,883 | −14.6% | 7.68 | 26.9% |
| 16 | North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota FL | 1,039 | 16,522 | +11.1% | 17.43 | 27.7% |
| 17 | Denver-Aurora-Centennial CO | 1,490 | 16,055 | +2.4% | 5.19 | 54.4% |
| 18 | Chicago-Naperville-Elgin IL-IN | 1,192 | 14,801 | −18.6% | 1.57 | 35.7% |
| 19 | Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington MN-WI | 1,776 | 14,757 | −0.6% | 3.89 | 40.8% |
| 20 | Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington PA-NJ-DE-MD | 1,055 | 14,154 | +5.1% | 2.24 | 48.1% |
| 21 | Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario CA | 903 | 13,739 | −8.8% | 2.88 | 33.9% |
| 22 | Columbus OH | 1,696 | 13,145 | −16.8% | 5.86 | 56.6% |
| 23 | Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood IN | 1,176 | 12,831 | −0.5% | 5.82 | 29.0% |
| 24 | Jacksonville FL | 844 | 11,930 | −13.4% | 6.68 | 21.8% |
| 25 | Cape Coral-Fort Myers FL | 1,138 | 11,055 | −29.6% | 12.63 | 26.9% |
| 26 | Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas NV | 740 | 11,004 | −14.1% | 4.57 | 30.7% |
| 27 | Boston-Cambridge-Newton MA-NH | 1,313 | 10,850 | +14.4% | 2.16 | 63.6% |
| 28 | Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom CA | 714 | 10,438 | +1.1% | 4.21 | 29.3% |
| 29 | San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad CA | 560 | 10,414 | −19.2% | 3.17 | 68.8% |
| 30 | Kansas City MO-KS | 855 | 10,133 | +3.1% | 4.46 | 46.1% |
| 31 | San Antonio-New Braunfels TX | 1,113 | 9,981 | −24.1% | 3.55 | 14.7% |
| 32 | Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers AR | 526 | 9,447 | +10.5% | 15.18 | 43.0% |
| 33 | Boise City ID | 1,080 | 9,409 | −2.1% | 10.89 | 15.0% |
| 34 | Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro OR-WA | 821 | 9,081 | −0.3% | 3.57 | 37.2% |
| 35 | Richmond VA | 705 | 8,733 | −9.6% | 6.29 | 52.4% |
| 36 | Cincinnati OH-KY-IN | 547 | 8,688 | +26.8% | 3.76 | 48.7% |
| 37 | Wilmington NC | 955 | 8,489 | +1.5% | 17.23 | 22.0% |
| 38 | Greenville-Anderson-Greer SC | 1,058 | 8,457 | −6.3% | 8.34 | 13.4% |
| 39 | Detroit-Warren-Dearborn MI | 655 | 8,322 | −5.4% | 1.90 | 44.0% |
| 40 | San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont CA | 1,041 | 8,172 | +29.0% | 1.76 | 65.2% |
- Corvallis OR+354.1%
- Branson MO+308.5%
- Kalispell MT+284.0%
- Syracuse NY+195.0%
- Santa Cruz CA+194.8%
- Champaign IL+175.9%
- Santa Maria CA+152.2%
- Abilene TX+128.1%
- San Jose CA+122.0%
- Mankato MN+110.0%
- Reading PA+100.3%
- Rochester MN+89.6%
- Lake Havasu City AZ−61.3%
- Barnstable Town MA−51.1%
- Lafayette IN−49.7%
- Elizabethtown KY−48.0%
- Bloomington IN−45.8%
- Midland TX−45.1%
- Fayetteville NC−39.5%
- Vallejo CA−39.1%
- Trenton NJ−37.7%
- Lancaster PA−37.4%
- Johnson City TN−35.9%
- Kahului HI−35.7%
| # | Metro area | Per 1,000 | Trailing 12mo | Population | Not 1-unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wildwood-The Villages FL | 23.27 | 3,671 | 157,772 | 9.2% |
| 2 | North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota FL | 17.43 | 16,522 | 948,158 | 27.7% |
| 3 | Wilmington NC | 17.23 | 8,489 | 492,772 | 22.0% |
| 4 | Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers AR | 15.18 | 9,447 | 622,177 | 43.0% |
| 5 | Punta Gorda FL | 14.79 | 3,212 | 217,212 | 11.8% |
| 6 | Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach SC | 14.78 | 6,318 | 427,551 | 1.2% |
| 7 | St. George UT | 13.89 | 2,968 | 213,670 | 19.6% |
| 8 | Anderson Creek NC | 13.74 | 2,063 | 150,137 | 0.6% |
| 9 | Sevierville TN | 13.58 | 1,376 | 101,342 | 35.9% |
| 10 | Seaford DE | 12.90 | 3,574 | 277,140 | 10.3% |
| 11 | Ocala FL | 12.75 | 5,645 | 442,660 | 3.0% |
| 12 | Cape Coral-Fort Myers FL | 12.63 | 11,055 | 875,607 | 26.9% |
| 13 | Daphne-Fairhope-Foley AL | 12.46 | 3,337 | 267,761 | 6.1% |
| 14 | College Station-Bryan TX | 11.84 | 3,405 | 287,476 | 50.2% |
| 15 | Raleigh-Cary NC | 11.72 | 18,703 | 1,595,720 | 36.7% |
| 16 | Auburn-Opelika AL | 11.58 | 2,408 | 208,013 | 18.9% |
| 17 | Savannah GA | 11.50 | 5,042 | 438,314 | 54.4% |
| 18 | Homosassa Springs FL | 11.32 | 1,943 | 171,666 | 1.0% |
| 19 | Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin FL | 11.06 | 3,485 | 315,098 | 14.3% |
| 20 | Asheville NC | 11.05 | 4,667 | 422,345 | 62.1% |
| 21 | Bozeman MT | 11.02 | 1,419 | 128,740 | 48.1% |
| 22 | Spartanburg SC | 10.94 | 4,459 | 407,656 | 3.1% |
| 23 | Boise City ID | 10.89 | 9,409 | 864,243 | 15.0% |
| 24 | Bend OR | 10.79 | 2,874 | 266,376 | 44.6% |
| 25 | Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Port Royal SC | 10.73 | 2,608 | 242,966 | 9.9% |
06Counties
| # | County | Jul 2026 | Trailing 12mo | 12mo y/y | Per 1,000 | Not 1-unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Los Angeles County, CA | 2,302 | 28,583 | +45.9% | 2.95 | 65.5% |
| 2 | Harris County, TX | 2,949 | 28,331 | −10.0% | 5.62 | 41.7% |
| 3 | Maricopa County, AZ | 1,727 | 27,595 | −13.5% | 5.88 | 42.8% |
| 4 | Collin County, TX | 908 | 16,561 | −12.8% | 12.77 | 39.8% |
| 5 | Tarrant County, TX | 1,633 | 15,480 | −4.9% | 6.88 | 44.5% |
| 6 | Wake County, NC | 1,254 | 14,808 | −1.3% | 11.78 | 43.9% |
| 7 | Travis County, TX | 1,732 | 11,766 | −28.5% | 8.47 | 56.0% |
| 8 | Montgomery County, TX | 1,273 | 11,744 | −16.9% | 15.03 | 7.0% |
| 9 | Fort Bend County, TX | 807 | 11,420 | −7.5% | 11.71 | 16.6% |
| 10 | King County, WA | 1,104 | 11,349 | +39.3% | 4.84 | 78.7% |
| 11 | Manatee County, FL | 489 | 11,093 | +41.5% | 23.69 | 30.1% |
| 12 | Lee County, FL | 1,138 | 11,055 | −29.6% | 12.63 | 26.9% |
| 13 | Clark County, NV | 740 | 11,004 | −14.1% | 4.57 | 30.7% |
| 14 | Miami-Dade County, FL | 1,514 | 10,909 | −20.4% | 3.89 | 81.3% |
| 15 | Dallas County, TX | 1,091 | 10,803 | −17.6% | 4.06 | 56.9% |
| 16 | San Diego County, CA | 560 | 10,414 | −19.2% | 3.17 | 68.8% |
| 17 | Fulton County, GA | 800 | 9,652 | −5.3% | 8.78 | 78.0% |
| 18 | Denton County, TX | 641 | 9,330 | −13.1% | 8.72 | 32.4% |
| 19 | Orange County, FL | 610 | 8,979 | −17.4% | 5.88 | 58.8% |
| 20 | Kings County, NY | 613 | 8,821 | +39.8% | 3.32 | 99.7% |
| 21 | Franklin County, OH | 1,125 | 8,718 | −13.5% | 6.40 | 78.3% |
| 22 | Bronx County, NY | 624 | 8,702 | +33.2% | 6.19 | 99.9% |
| 23 | Pasco County, FL | 784 | 8,349 | +9.8% | 12.38 | 23.9% |
| 24 | Hillsborough County, FL | 771 | 8,217 | +15.3% | 5.22 | 50.2% |
| 25 | Riverside County, CA | 588 | 7,701 | −12.7% | 3.03 | 24.6% |
| 26 | Pinal County, AZ | 674 | 7,564 | −13.5% | 14.02 | 10.9% |
| 27 | Santa Clara County, CA | 249 | 7,495 | +130.4% | 3.92 | 75.5% |
| 28 | Queens County, NY | 1,540 | 7,265 | +144.9% | 3.08 | 99.2% |
| 29 | Salt Lake County, UT | 1,103 | 7,109 | +24.3% | 5.82 | 62.5% |
| 30 | Polk County, FL | 657 | 6,862 | −26.8% | 7.84 | 5.6% |
| 31 | Denver County, CO | 801 | 6,640 | +101.5% | 8.97 | 85.8% |
| 32 | Hidalgo County, TX | 506 | 6,573 | −11.2% | 7.13 | 30.6% |
| 33 | Utah County, UT | 341 | 6,536 | −1.7% | 8.60 | 25.1% |
| 34 | Oklahoma County, OK | 543 | 6,406 | +5.4% | 7.79 | 25.7% |
| 35 | Sacramento County, CA | 443 | 6,322 | +2.2% | 3.91 | 32.8% |
| 36 | Horry County, SC | 562 | 6,318 | −9.8% | 14.78 | 1.2% |
| 37 | Dane County, WI | 593 | 6,275 | +19.1% | 10.63 | 77.9% |
| 38 | Orange County, CA | 474 | 6,113 | −12.3% | 1.94 | 53.4% |
| 39 | Duval County, FL | 353 | 6,083 | +5.5% | 5.72 | 37.0% |
| 40 | San Bernardino County, CA | 315 | 6,038 | −3.2% | 2.71 | 45.7% |
| # | County | Per 1,000 | Trailing 12mo | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jasper County, SC | 43.26 | 1,667 | 38,533 |
| 2 | Brunswick County, NC | 28.77 | 5,026 | 174,702 |
| 3 | Wasatch County, UT | 27.16 | 1,046 | 38,514 |
| 4 | Dawson County, GA | 26.24 | 928 | 35,365 |
| 5 | Manatee County, FL | 23.69 | 11,093 | 468,200 |
| 6 | Walton County, FL | 23.68 | 2,209 | 93,288 |
| 7 | Sumter County, FL | 23.27 | 3,671 | 157,772 |
| 8 | Taney County, MO | 21.00 | 1,197 | 57,001 |
| 9 | Flagler County, FL | 18.52 | 2,600 | 140,360 |
| 10 | Jefferson County, WV | 18.08 | 1,141 | 63,102 |
| 11 | Bryan County, GA | 17.96 | 935 | 52,062 |
| 12 | Jackson County, GA | 17.82 | 1,769 | 99,265 |
| 13 | Benton County, AR | 17.42 | 5,792 | 332,554 |
| 14 | San Jacinto County, TX | 16.96 | 500 | 29,488 |
| 15 | Bastrop County, TX | 16.26 | 1,934 | 118,908 |
| 16 | Barrow County, GA | 15.80 | 1,576 | 99,773 |
| 17 | Pender County, NC | 15.38 | 1,109 | 72,111 |
| 18 | Montgomery County, TX | 15.03 | 11,744 | 781,194 |
| 19 | Hays County, TX | 14.95 | 4,551 | 304,390 |
| 20 | Charlotte County, FL | 14.79 | 3,212 | 217,212 |
| 21 | Horry County, SC | 14.78 | 6,318 | 427,551 |
| 22 | Hamilton County, IN | 14.50 | 5,612 | 387,036 |
| 23 | Madison County, ID | 14.39 | 794 | 55,172 |
| 24 | Douglas County, WA | 14.07 | 654 | 46,473 |
| 25 | Pinal County, AZ | 14.02 | 7,564 | 539,380 |
Jasper County, SC authorised 43.26 units per 1,000 residents over the trailing year — about 10 times the national rate. Boards like this one are dominated by exurban counties on the edge of a growing metro, where a low population denominator meets an active land market. That is a real signal about where units are going, not an artefact — but it is a rate, and Los Angeles County, CA still authorised more units outright than any of them.
07Cities and towns
Note. The Census place files carry a row for each county's unincorporated remainder as well as for each incorporated municipality. Those “balance of county” rows are roughly a third of all place-level units and they would top any raw ranking, under a blank name. Every city figure in this report is index-joined against the published place list, so only real municipalities appear — 12,900 of them.
| # | City or town | Jul 2026 | Trailing 12mo | Per 1,000 | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New York, NY | 2,911 | 28,520 | 3.46 | 8,253,213 |
| 2 | Los Angeles, CA | 1,397 | 17,744 | 4.47 | 3,970,219 |
| 3 | Fort Worth, TX | 1,399 | 11,417 | 12.44 | 918,105 |
| 4 | Houston, TX | 1,296 | 11,112 | 4.90 | 2,268,194 |
| 5 | Phoenix, AZ | 535 | 9,707 | 5.68 | 1,708,127 |
| 6 | Austin, TX | 1,327 | 7,332 | 7.82 | 937,492 |
| 7 | Columbus, OH | 1,009 | 6,848 | 7.74 | 884,356 |
| 8 | Denver, CO | 801 | 6,640 | 9.03 | 735,538 |
| 9 | Dallas, TX | 462 | 6,039 | 4.80 | 1,258,858 |
| 10 | San Diego, CA | 227 | 6,010 | 4.23 | 1,422,420 |
| 11 | Atlanta, GA | 643 | 5,975 | 12.68 | 471,266 |
| 12 | Jacksonville-Duval County, FL | 341 | 5,969 | 6.48 | 920,570 |
| 13 | Raleigh, NC | 422 | 5,272 | 11.14 | 473,139 |
| 14 | Oklahoma City, OK | 391 | 5,171 | 10.96 | 471,671 |
| 15 | Nashville-Davidson, TN | 524 | 5,005 | 7.46 | 671,295 |
| 16 | San Jose, CA | 64 | 4,891 | 4.83 | 1,013,616 |
| 17 | Seattle, WA | 327 | 4,827 | 6.27 | 769,714 |
| 18 | Miami, FL | 998 | 4,704 | 9.98 | 471,525 |
| 19 | Philadelphia, PA | 437 | 4,515 | 2.86 | 1,578,487 |
| 20 | San Antonio, TX | 349 | 4,295 | 2.74 | 1,567,087 |
| 21 | Durham, NC | 403 | 4,001 | 14.00 | 285,809 |
| 22 | Omaha, NE | 856 | 3,753 | 7.85 | 478,393 |
| 23 | Frisco, TX | 69 | 3,405 | 26.40 | 128,993 |
| 24 | Celina, TX | 248 | 3,286 | 164.26 | 20,005 |
| 25 | Madison, WI | 386 | 3,111 | 11.82 | 263,094 |
| 26 | McKinney, TX | 103 | 3,065 | 14.72 | 208,272 |
| 27 | Las Vegas, NV | 169 | 3,042 | 4.59 | 662,368 |
| 28 | Salt Lake City, UT | 549 | 2,955 | 14.48 | 204,087 |
| 29 | Tampa, FL | 294 | 2,888 | 7.09 | 407,599 |
| 30 | St. Petersburg, FL | 642 | 2,841 | 10.61 | 267,802 |
| 31 | Richmond, VA | 263 | 2,714 | 11.69 | 232,226 |
| 32 | Jersey City, NJ | 243 | 2,657 | 10.12 | 262,664 |
| 33 | Columbia, SC | 56 | 2,626 | 19.97 | 131,530 |
| 34 | Buckeye, AZ | 207 | 2,562 | 30.06 | 85,224 |
| 35 | Newark, NJ | 52 | 2,532 | 8.96 | 282,520 |
| 36 | Chicago, IL | 126 | 2,531 | 0.95 | 2,677,643 |
| 37 | Port St. Lucie, FL | 300 | 2,517 | 12.00 | 209,715 |
| 38 | Denton, TX | 92 | 2,512 | 17.03 | 147,515 |
| 39 | Palm Bay, FL | 224 | 2,451 | 20.96 | 116,932 |
| 40 | Surprise, AZ | 226 | 2,428 | 16.41 | 147,965 |
| # | City or town | Per 1,000 | Trailing 12mo | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Haines City, FL | 53.84 | 1,490 | 27,674 |
| 2 | Westfield, IN | 46.74 | 2,157 | 46,145 |
| 3 | Bentonville, AR | 36.12 | 2,078 | 57,537 |
| 4 | Garner, NC | 35.99 | 1,158 | 32,180 |
| 5 | Saratoga Springs, UT | 35.60 | 1,264 | 35,501 |
| 6 | Leland, NC | 35.40 | 908 | 25,647 |
| 7 | Washington, UT | 34.50 | 1,102 | 31,939 |
| 8 | Queen Creek, AZ | 32.45 | 1,582 | 48,757 |
| 9 | North Port, FL | 32.10 | 2,367 | 73,738 |
| 10 | Opelika, AL | 31.57 | 983 | 31,135 |
| 11 | Apache Junction, AZ | 30.82 | 1,337 | 43,386 |
| 12 | Morrisville, NC | 30.73 | 937 | 30,495 |
| 13 | Kalispell, MT | 30.36 | 769 | 25,329 |
| 14 | Buckeye, AZ | 30.06 | 2,562 | 85,224 |
| 15 | Waukee, IA | 29.35 | 768 | 26,166 |
| 16 | Pooler, GA | 28.98 | 754 | 26,022 |
| 17 | Farmington, UT | 28.75 | 730 | 25,387 |
| 18 | Monroe, NC | 28.20 | 1,006 | 35,668 |
| 19 | Frisco, TX | 26.40 | 3,405 | 128,993 |
| 20 | Lebanon, TN | 26.31 | 1,002 | 38,086 |
| 21 | Fayetteville, AR | 26.12 | 2,340 | 89,576 |
| 22 | Noblesville, IN | 25.99 | 1,711 | 65,835 |
| 23 | Apex, NC | 25.32 | 1,630 | 64,388 |
| 24 | Rosemount, MN | 25.31 | 653 | 25,798 |
| 25 | Caldwell, ID | 24.18 | 1,467 | 60,674 |
Haines City, FL authorised 53.84 units per 1,000 residents over the trailing year. At that rate a city adds housing for roughly 5% of its existing population in a single year. This board, more than any other in the report, is where the next decade's suburbs are visible before they are built.
08What housing costs
Permits describe supply that has been authorised but not yet delivered. To read them you need the market that supply will arrive into. The figures below are Redfin's county market data for June 2026 — one release behind the permit data, which is why every supply-against-price comparison in this report is struck at June 2026, the most recent month both series publish.
- 384,932
- Homes sold, Jun 2026
- 472,284
- New listings
- 1,258,328
- Homes for sale
- 25.9%
- Sold above list price
- 1555 of 2515
- Counties where price rose
- $337,969
- Median county sale price
+9.0% year over year
Across 3,026 counties
−0.4% year over year
26.0% a year ago
61.8% of counties with a published median
Across the 1,002 counties in the join
Note. These national and state figures are sums of flows and a sales-weighted share, never a pooled median. A median of county medians is not a median, so this report never publishes one: price levels appear only at county grain, where Redfin actually measures them, while sales, listings, inventory and the share-sold-above-list pool legitimately. Where a county-month has too few sales to support a median, the cell is absent rather than zero.
| # | County | Sold | Median price | Price y/y | Per sq ft | Days on mkt | Months supply | Permits 12mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maricopa County, AZ | 5,930 | $483,636 | +0.8% | $264 | 61 | 3.5 | 27,595 |
| 2 | Cook County, IL | 5,809 | $398,875 | +6.4% | $263 | 47 | 2.5 | 4,389 |
| 3 | Los Angeles County, CA | 4,805 | $947,327 | −0.2% | $607 | 44 | 3.8 | 28,583 |
| 4 | Harris County, TX | 4,559 | $329,072 | −1.8% | $158 | 41 | 4.0 | 28,331 |
| 5 | Clark County, NV | 2,994 | $453,720 | +0.8% | $253 | 56 | 3.7 | 11,004 |
| 6 | Palm Beach County, FL | 2,553 | $548,453 | +8.6% | $307 | 81 | 4.9 | 5,683 |
| 7 | Broward County, FL | 2,503 | $477,652 | −2.2% | $312 | 82 | 6.2 | 2,381 |
| 8 | Riverside County, CA | 2,486 | $608,229 | −1.1% | $319 | 49 | 3.3 | 7,701 |
| 9 | San Diego County, CA | 2,396 | $952,313 | +3.9% | $585 | 27 | 2.5 | 10,414 |
| 10 | King County, WA | 2,370 | $897,468 | −1.9% | $511 | 13 | 2.8 | 11,349 |
| 11 | Miami-Dade County, FL | 2,303 | $576,224 | +0.2% | $394 | 91 | 6.9 | 10,909 |
| 12 | Tarrant County, TX | 2,266 | $358,977 | +1.8% | $184 | 38 | 3.1 | 15,480 |
| 13 | Bexar County, TX | 2,116 | $309,128 | +2.0% | $157 | 60 | 5.1 | 5,246 |
| 14 | Orange County, CA | 2,111 | $1,271,413 | +2.5% | $685 | 40 | 2.8 | 6,113 |
| 15 | Lee County, FL | 2,036 | $360,982 | −1.4% | $213 | 72 | 4.8 | 11,055 |
| 16 | Hennepin County, MN | 1,999 | $423,804 | +1.9% | $220 | 19 | 1.8 | 3,648 |
| 17 | Hillsborough County, FL | 1,975 | $418,818 | +3.4% | $229 | 35 | 3.2 | 8,217 |
| 18 | Wake County, NC | 1,940 | $493,607 | −1.3% | $224 | 31 | 2.6 | 14,808 |
| 19 | Dallas County, TX | 1,916 | $373,945 | −2.9% | $199 | 41 | 4.2 | 10,803 |
| 20 | Oakland County, MI | 1,816 | $389,401 | +3.4% | $207 | 18 | 1.9 | 2,231 |
| 21 | Collin County, TX | 1,807 | $473,664 | −1.6% | $198 | 51 | 4.0 | 16,561 |
| 22 | Middlesex County, MA | 1,791 | $861,569 | −1.0% | $453 | 20 | 1.7 | 2,698 |
| 23 | Wayne County, MI | 1,760 | $229,353 | +6.7% | $153 | 21 | 3.0 | 3,150 |
| 24 | Orange County, FL | 1,716 | $448,734 | +2.7% | $241 | 38 | 3.3 | 8,979 |
| 25 | Franklin County, OH | 1,690 | $339,043 | −0.3% | $203 | 37 | 2.5 | 8,718 |
| 26 | Pinellas County, FL | 1,687 | $413,832 | +3.5% | $294 | 43 | 4.0 | 3,896 |
| 27 | San Bernardino County, CA | 1,626 | $548,453 | −0.3% | $332 | 49 | 4.1 | 6,038 |
| 28 | Mecklenburg County, NC | 1,593 | $468,578 | +0.8% | $243 | 48 | 3.7 | 5,025 |
| 29 | Denton County, TX | 1,582 | $428,790 | −4.7% | $199 | 45 | 3.9 | 9,330 |
| 30 | Cuyahoga County, OH | 1,563 | $249,297 | +5.2% | $166 | 20 | 2.1 | 1,935 |
09Where building answers the cost of living there
“Expensive” here is not a dollar threshold. A $300,000 house is dear in a county earning $60,000 and comfortable in one earning $120,000, so the horizontal axis is the ratio of a county's median sale price to its median household income — the years of gross income a typical local household would spend on a typical local home. The lines cross at this set's own medians: 4.5× income (a $337,969 home against a $74,457 income) and 3.31 permits per 1,000 residents.
Measuring cost against income moves roughly a quarter of the country across a line. Philadelphia, PA sells for $314,114 — below the national median price — and is still 5.1× local income, above the national median ratio, because its households earn $61,953. Tarrant, TX is the reverse: $358,977 is dearer than the median house, but against a $84,207 income it is 4.3× — easier than the median. A dollar threshold puts both counties in the wrong half. 305 counties are above both medians — unaffordable and building. 198 are unaffordable and not building, which is the combination that turns a housing shortage into a durable one: the cost of living there has already outrun local earnings, and the permit record shows no supply arriving to answer it. 196 are affordable and building anyway — mostly exurban land markets where construction is cheap rather than places where demand is intense.
Note. The ratio compares a June 2026 sale price with a 2020-2024 five-year income estimate, because that is the newest household income published at county grain — there is no monthly county income series. Incomes have risen since the middle of that window, so these ratios read slightly high as a statement about today. That affects the level everywhere and the ranking hardly at all, which is what the median split uses. Both medians are of the same county; nothing is pooled across geographies.
| # | County | Median price | Price y/y | Permits/1,000 | Permits y/y | Sold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arlington County, VA | $872,538 | +12.6% | 11.69 | +413.9% | 236 |
| 2 | Onondaga County, NY | $300,901 | +8.8% | 4.89 | +308.2% | 340 |
| 3 | Champaign County, IL | $277,218 | +13.2% | 9.36 | +191.1% | 254 |
| 4 | Queens County, NY | $757,862 | +1.2% | 3.08 | +144.9% | 778 |
| 5 | Taylor County, TX | $290,131 | +20.9% | 11.91 | +119.9% | 252 |
| 6 | Chesapeake city, VA | $448,734 | +4.4% | 5.78 | +116.4% | 430 |
| 7 | Montgomery County, MD | $678,087 | +5.1% | 2.42 | +116.1% | 1,109 |
| 8 | Ramsey County, MN | $356,345 | +1.8% | 2.27 | +113.2% | 692 |
| 9 | Olmsted County, MN | $382,346 | +3.2% | 7.94 | +112.2% | 298 |
| 10 | Davis County, UT | $543,467 | +2.5% | 5.64 | +104.1% | 340 |
| 11 | Denver County, CO | $624,239 | +1.5% | 8.97 | +101.5% | 943 |
| 12 | Outagamie County, WI | $364,970 | +13.7% | 5.94 | +101.0% | 246 |
| 13 | Hamilton County, OH | $298,159 | +2.8% | 2.02 | +96.5% | 1,041 |
| 14 | Alameda County, CA | $1,126,821 | +0.9% | 2.06 | +91.4% | 1,080 |
| 15 | New Castle County, DE | $397,877 | +2.0% | 2.45 | +89.9% | 593 |
| 16 | Rowan County, NC | $314,114 | +12.2% | 8.63 | +82.7% | 213 |
| 17 | Stanislaus County, CA | $485,630 | +1.2% | 2.66 | +80.8% | 389 |
| 18 | Sonoma County, CA | $841,350 | +2.0% | 3.46 | +73.6% | 453 |
| 19 | Philadelphia County, PA | $314,114 | +8.3% | 2.87 | +69.6% | 1,420 |
| 20 | Carroll County, GA | $314,114 | +8.0% | 11.55 | +69.1% | 163 |
| 21 | Pierce County, WA | $598,312 | +3.2% | 6.15 | +67.4% | 1,123 |
| 22 | Pinellas County, FL | $413,832 | +3.5% | 4.11 | +66.3% | 1,687 |
| 23 | Orange County, NC | $635,706 | +12.5% | 6.89 | +65.3% | 178 |
| 24 | Jackson County, MS | $269,240 | +9.4% | 5.86 | +60.8% | 179 |
| 25 | Johnson County, KS | $498,593 | +2.8% | 6.81 | +59.9% | 1,118 |
| 26 | Cuyahoga County, OH | $249,297 | +5.2% | 1.57 | +59.5% | 1,563 |
| 27 | Providence County, RI | $508,565 | +6.0% | 1.41 | +56.8% | 659 |
| 28 | Winnebago County, WI | $304,142 | +2.4% | 5.82 | +50.4% | 209 |
| 29 | Clermont County, OH | $358,439 | +5.6% | 9.27 | +50.1% | 279 |
| 30 | Jefferson County, AL | $319,050 | +9.3% | 4.18 | +45.3% | 792 |
10Prices up, permitting down
The inverse list is the one worth watching. These are counties where the median sale price rose over the year and the permit pipeline contracted — cost going one way, supply going the other.
| # | County | Median price | Price y/y | Permits y/y | Permits 12mo | Per 1,000 | Days on mkt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sumner County, TN | $508,465 | +13.0% | −51.7% | 1,447 | 6.71 | 66 |
| 2 | Mohave County, AZ | $356,993 | +2.3% | −61.3% | 961 | 4.21 | 46 |
| 3 | Baltimore city, MD | $265,252 | +9.4% | −51.4% | 800 | 1.40 | 39 |
| 4 | Loudon County, TN | $610,777 | +12.7% | −43.8% | 515 | 8.08 | 73 |
| 5 | Barnstable County, MA | $732,932 | +4.7% | −51.1% | 505 | 2.16 | 23 |
| 6 | Beaufort County, SC | $595,385 | +8.1% | −45.9% | 941 | 4.60 | 67 |
| 7 | Washington County, TN | $381,424 | +11.6% | −41.8% | 656 | 4.65 | 53 |
| 8 | Union County, OH | $467,681 | +2.8% | −50.3% | 725 | 9.87 | 48 |
| 9 | Mecklenburg County, NC | $468,578 | +0.8% | −51.3% | 5,025 | 4.07 | 48 |
| 10 | Fairfield County, OH | $368,959 | +3.9% | −47.7% | 616 | 3.63 | 40 |
| 11 | Monroe County, IN | $331,066 | +0.3% | −50.4% | 554 | 3.86 | 56 |
| 12 | Milwaukee County, WI | $306,136 | +3.8% | −44.6% | 764 | 0.83 | 38 |
| 13 | Ocean County, NJ | $523,523 | +10.2% | −36.9% | 2,472 | 3.67 | 24 |
| 14 | Sandoval County, NM | $425,051 | +7.1% | −39.9% | 832 | 5.21 | 54 |
| 15 | Rockwall County, TX | $474,696 | +12.4% | −34.3% | 1,398 | 9.93 | 75 |
| 16 | St. Johns County, FL | $516,543 | +5.4% | −40.6% | 3,373 | 9.74 | 76 |
| 17 | Cook County, IL | $398,875 | +6.4% | −38.3% | 4,389 | 0.84 | 47 |
| 18 | Lancaster County, PA | $383,917 | +6.6% | −37.4% | 1,103 | 1.96 | 7 |
| 19 | Burnet County, TX | $443,748 | +11.2% | −31.9% | 711 | 12.47 | 96 |
| 20 | Pennington County, SD | $376,438 | +4.0% | −38.7% | 631 | 5.40 | 65 |
| 21 | Solano County, CA | $583,354 | +3.1% | −39.1% | 724 | 1.59 | 38 |
| 22 | Middlesex County, NJ | $598,312 | +7.0% | −34.2% | 1,456 | 1.65 | 63 |
| 23 | Mercer County, NJ | $490,616 | +3.3% | −37.7% | 975 | 2.44 | 35 |
| 24 | Coweta County, GA | $443,748 | +5.7% | −34.0% | 589 | 3.68 | 53 |
| 25 | Aiken County, SC | $314,114 | +6.5% | −32.9% | 1,535 | 8.46 | 55 |
| 26 | Albany County, NY | $381,424 | +12.2% | −26.3% | 533 | 1.66 | 6 |
| 27 | Calcasieu Parish, LA | $249,297 | +10.8% | −26.2% | 597 | 2.86 | 64 |
| 28 | Frederick County, MD | $513,551 | +4.4% | −31.7% | 1,025 | 3.38 | 36 |
| 29 | Chelan County, WA | $625,735 | +10.5% | −25.6% | 565 | 6.90 | 22 |
| 30 | Bexar County, TX | $309,128 | +2.0% | −34.0% | 5,246 | 2.43 | 60 |
Sumner County, TN leads it: the median sale price rose 13.0% over the year while trailing-year permitting fell 51.7%. A single year of this is noise — land deals close in lumps, and one large project entering or leaving a twelve-month window moves a mid-sized county. A second consecutive year of it is a constraint, and this table exists so that the second year is visible when it arrives.
11Where inventory is building
The opposite risk is oversupply: months of supply climbing while permitting still accelerates. Months of supply is inventory divided by the current sales pace — how long it would take to clear the listed stock if nothing new arrived. When it rises and the permit pipeline rises with it, the next cycle's overhang is being built now.
| # | County | Months supply | vs year ago | Days on mkt | vs year ago | Permits y/y | Permits 12mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazos County, TX | 4.7 | +1.5 mo. | 40 | −1.0 days | +61.3% | 3,286 |
| 2 | Florence County, SC | 5.2 | +1.4 mo. | 78 | +5.0 days | +16.2% | 733 |
| 3 | Frederick County, VA | 3.7 | +1.3 mo. | 40 | −7.0 days | +1.0% | 708 |
| 4 | Philadelphia County, PA | 4.2 | +0.8 mo. | 48 | +5.0 days | +69.6% | 4,515 |
| 5 | Chittenden County, VT | 3.0 | +0.8 mo. | 10 | −7.0 days | +77.1% | 1,004 |
| 6 | Champaign County, IL | 2.6 | +0.7 mo. | 46 | +6.0 days | +191.1% | 1,965 |
| 7 | Wayne County, NC | 3.6 | +0.7 mo. | 71 | +40.0 days | +2.2% | 892 |
| 8 | Shelby County, TN | 4.6 | +0.7 mo. | 30 | +2.0 days | +18.8% | 1,628 |
| 9 | Madison County, KY | 3.2 | +0.6 mo. | 52 | +2.0 days | +25.3% | 659 |
| 10 | Jackson County, MS | 3.4 | +0.6 mo. | 37 | −8.0 days | +60.8% | 865 |
| 11 | Moore County, NC | 3.5 | +0.6 mo. | 66 | +39.0 days | +3.9% | 1,003 |
| 12 | Jefferson County, AL | 4.0 | +0.6 mo. | 49 | −1.0 days | +45.3% | 2,781 |
| 13 | Yuma County, AZ | 4.5 | +0.6 mo. | 84 | +16.0 days | +4.5% | 1,196 |
| 14 | Douglas County, GA | 4.8 | +0.5 mo. | 56 | −11.0 days | +6.7% | 701 |
| 15 | Erie County, NY | 2.2 | +0.5 mo. | 10 | 0.0 days | +24.3% | 1,172 |
| 16 | King County, WA | 2.8 | +0.5 mo. | 13 | +3.0 days | +39.3% | 11,349 |
| 17 | Thurston County, WA | 2.7 | +0.5 mo. | 18 | +6.0 days | +19.4% | 1,788 |
| 18 | Yakima County, WA | 3.3 | +0.5 mo. | 31 | +1.0 days | +1.6% | 642 |
| 19 | Suffolk County, MA | 3.7 | +0.4 mo. | 22 | 0.0 days | +13.0% | 2,337 |
| 20 | Orange County, NY | 4.4 | +0.4 mo. | 37 | +2.0 days | +15.6% | 1,726 |
| 21 | Harnett County, NC | 4.0 | +0.4 mo. | 65 | +8.0 days | +35.3% | 2,063 |
| 22 | Clermont County, OH | 2.6 | +0.4 mo. | 43 | +1.0 days | +50.1% | 2,012 |
| 23 | Richland County, SC | 2.7 | +0.4 mo. | 39 | +5.0 days | +38.4% | 4,054 |
| 24 | Spartanburg County, SC | 3.7 | +0.4 mo. | 62 | +2.0 days | +22.8% | 4,232 |
| 25 | Arlington County, VA | 2.6 | +0.4 mo. | 32 | −3.0 days | +413.9% | 2,852 |
Note. Months of supply and days on market are reported here as changes in levels (months, days) rather than as percentages. Redfin publishes a year-over-year column for days on market that is mislabelled upstream — it is a day-count difference multiplied by a hundred, not a percentage — so this report never reads it and computes every change from the published levels instead.
Appendix: state supply and market conditions
One row per state, pairing the permit pipeline with what the state's housing market is doing. The market columns are sums and a sales-weighted share, never a pooled median — so “counties where price rose” is a count of counties, which is a statement this data can support, and there is no state median sale price, which is one it cannot.
| # | State | Permits 12mo | Permits y/y | Per 1,000 | Homes sold | Sold y/y | For sale | For sale y/y | Above list | Counties w/ price up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Texas (TX) | 193,634 | −13.4% | 6.11 | 32,740 | +5.1% | 150,711 | −4.5% | 10.8% | 87 of 167 |
| 2 | Florida (FL) | 157,984 | −8.8% | 6.73 | 36,461 | +15.7% | 161,323 | −11.6% | 9.0% | 31 of 65 |
| 3 | California (CA) | 110,772 | +12.9% | 2.81 | 27,738 | +13.0% | 83,617 | −8.4% | 36.5% | 32 of 56 |
| 4 | North Carolina (NC) | 86,578 | −2.2% | 7.73 | 15,739 | +10.2% | 58,377 | +13.1% | 16.4% | 58 of 97 |
| 5 | Georgia (GA) | 60,146 | −2.8% | 5.32 | 13,037 | +0.5% | 52,293 | −4.0% | 16.0% | 64 of 125 |
| 6 | New York (NY) | 47,895 | +35.4% | 2.39 | 11,340 | +0.3% | 42,302 | +2.3% | 46.0% | 50 of 62 |
| 7 | South Carolina (SC) | 46,376 | +1.0% | 8.33 | 9,488 | +10.2% | 34,612 | +0.6% | 12.7% | 28 of 44 |
| 8 | Arizona (AZ) | 45,514 | −14.8% | 5.97 | 9,846 | +12.1% | 37,110 | −3.3% | 11.8% | 10 of 14 |
| 9 | Tennessee (TN) | 41,652 | −6.8% | 5.69 | 9,843 | +7.2% | 42,725 | +9.3% | 14.3% | 63 of 94 |
| 10 | Washington (WA) | 39,766 | +13.3% | 4.97 | 9,294 | +5.9% | 27,984 | +12.8% | 26.0% | 16 of 38 |
| 11 | Virginia (VA) | 35,871 | +5.7% | 4.04 | 11,784 | +8.1% | 26,276 | +6.7% | 34.8% | 76 of 126 |
| 12 | Colorado (CO) | 34,023 | +6.8% | 5.66 | 8,896 | +5.6% | 33,598 | −1.2% | 17.9% | 28 of 49 |
| 13 | Ohio (OH) | 32,124 | −1.3% | 2.70 | 13,894 | +8.8% | 32,699 | +9.0% | 35.3% | 56 of 88 |
| 14 | New Jersey (NJ) | 31,859 | −8.3% | 3.34 | 9,077 | +7.6% | 25,346 | +9.1% | 52.5% | 19 of 21 |
| 15 | Indiana (IN) | 27,651 | −8.9% | 3.97 | 9,270 | +12.7% | 19,187 | +2.3% | 21.3% | 61 of 90 |
| 16 | Utah (UT) | 26,587 | +11.3% | 7.51 | 3,823 | +6.8% | 15,988 | +5.3% | 17.3% | 16 of 25 |
| 17 | Wisconsin (WI) | 25,487 | +5.5% | 4.27 | 7,894 | +11.7% | 18,326 | +7.8% | 45.1% | 46 of 71 |
| 18 | Pennsylvania (PA) | 25,468 | +0.8% | 1.95 | 13,690 | +6.9% | 32,619 | +8.0% | 39.6% | 53 of 65 |
| 19 | Michigan (MI) | 22,926 | −0.4% | 2.26 | 12,524 | +4.6% | 29,940 | +8.7% | 37.0% | 55 of 82 |
| 20 | Minnesota (MN) | 22,469 | +5.7% | 3.85 | 8,677 | +11.7% | 18,261 | +9.5% | 35.9% | 48 of 82 |
| 21 | Alabama (AL) | 21,040 | +10.6% | 4.05 | 6,306 | +8.7% | 24,754 | +6.3% | 16.5% | 28 of 55 |
| 22 | Illinois (IL) | 18,681 | −10.0% | 1.47 | 15,339 | +5.6% | 35,383 | +3.3% | 43.4% | 55 of 85 |
| 23 | Missouri (MO) | 18,008 | −1.3% | 2.87 | 8,445 | +8.5% | 20,945 | +4.2% | 26.9% | 68 of 102 |
| 24 | Idaho (ID) | 17,991 | −2.3% | 8.86 | 3,314 | +19.1% | 8,480 | −19.7% | 17.9% | 27 of 41 |
| 25 | Oregon (OR) | 15,628 | +15.0% | 3.66 | 5,089 | +14.6% | 16,708 | −4.6% | 25.1% | 14 of 31 |
| 26 | Arkansas (AR) | 15,516 | +4.0% | 4.98 | 3,867 | +7.4% | 15,068 | +6.0% | 11.5% | 28 of 56 |
| 27 | Nevada (NV) | 15,176 | −14.7% | 4.62 | 4,117 | +19.7% | 14,133 | −6.5% | 16.7% | 9 of 12 |
| 28 | Oklahoma (OK) | 14,776 | +4.0% | 3.58 | 5,118 | +17.9% | 16,271 | +0.6% | 17.1% | 35 of 61 |
| 29 | Louisiana (LA) | 14,378 | +3.1% | 3.11 | 4,116 | +4.2% | 16,312 | −9.7% | 10.5% | 32 of 52 |
| 30 | Kentucky (KY) | 13,657 | −6.3% | 2.96 | 4,821 | +9.9% | 13,980 | +13.1% | 18.8% | 58 of 89 |
| 31 | Massachusetts (MA) | 13,482 | +7.8% | 1.88 | 7,488 | +10.5% | 15,505 | +11.7% | 50.4% | 8 of 13 |
| 32 | Maryland (MD) | 13,335 | −12.0% | 2.13 | 7,195 | +5.8% | 19,590 | +14.0% | 37.1% | 18 of 24 |
| 33 | Iowa (IA) | 13,042 | −3.6% | 4.03 | 4,589 | +11.0% | 10,376 | +2.1% | 22.8% | 59 of 89 |
| 34 | Kansas (KS) | 12,026 | +24.6% | 4.04 | 3,691 | +11.4% | 6,770 | −6.3% | 28.1% | 30 of 47 |
| 35 | Nebraska (NE) | 10,400 | −7.3% | 5.15 | 2,318 | +1.8% | 3,949 | −14.7% | 39.3% | 17 of 32 |
| 36 | Mississippi (MS) | 8,670 | +12.7% | 2.93 | 2,274 | +5.8% | 8,910 | +11.6% | 8.4% | 26 of 48 |
| 37 | New Mexico (NM) | 7,556 | −9.3% | 3.55 | 1,942 | +9.3% | 6,381 | −7.8% | 11.6% | 11 of 19 |
| 38 | Maine (ME) | 6,817 | +6.6% | 4.82 | 1,918 | +12.2% | 6,687 | +3.5% | 31.2% | 9 of 16 |
| 39 | Connecticut (CT) | 6,478 | −3.7% | 1.76 | 4,106 | +10.4% | 7,676 | −3.2% | 63.4% | 6 of 8 |
| 40 | Delaware (DE) | 6,375 | −0.5% | 6.01 | 1,426 | +4.5% | 4,535 | +11.4% | 27.3% | 1 of 3 |
| 41 | South Dakota (SD) | 5,905 | −3.4% | 6.31 | 1,030 | +3.5% | 3,225 | −3.6% | 16.1% | 19 of 27 |
| 42 | Montana (MT) | 5,761 | +22.0% | 5.03 | 1,393 | +15.4% | 6,717 | +1.5% | 0.0% | 21 of 26 |
| 43 | New Hampshire (NH) | 5,062 | +14.6% | 3.58 | 2,069 | +16.0% | 5,195 | +15.3% | 46.4% | 7 of 10 |
| 44 | West Virginia (WV) | 4,015 | 0.0% | 2.27 | 1,495 | +8.7% | 4,459 | −4.7% | 24.3% | 28 of 40 |
| 45 | Hawaii (HI) | 3,412 | −8.4% | 2.38 | 1,189 | +11.0% | 7,411 | +2.0% | 17.1% | 1 of 4 |
| 46 | Vermont (VT) | 2,283 | +5.3% | 3.54 | 776 | +12.1% | 3,500 | +23.3% | 28.4% | 8 of 14 |
| 47 | North Dakota (ND) | 2,242 | −3.9% | 2.80 | 918 | +18.0% | 2,193 | −1.0% | 14.3% | 11 of 18 |
| 48 | District of Columbia (DC) | 2,235 | +37.1% | 3.22 | 681 | +6.2% | 3,169 | −2.3% | 24.1% | 0 of 1 |
| 49 | Rhode Island (RI) | 2,085 | +46.8% | 1.87 | 1,265 | +11.7% | 2,257 | −3.8% | 50.0% | 5 of 5 |
| 50 | Wyoming (WY) | 1,988 | −1.4% | 3.38 | 739 | +11.5% | 2,524 | −6.5% | 6.4% | 13 of 19 |
| 51 | Alaska (AK) | 847 | −8.8% | 1.15 | 843 | +12.6% | 1,971 | −2.6% | 34.3% | 6 of 7 |
The PDF edition: cover to appendix, yours permanently.38 pages · 1.5 MB
Method
What a permit is. The Census Bureau's Building Permits Survey counts housing units authorised by building permits in permit-issuing jurisdictions. A permit is not a start and not a completion: most authorised units begin construction, but not all do, and the lag between authorisation and delivery runs from months to years. This report is a supply pipeline measure, not a measure of housing delivered.
Coverage and windows. This edition covers July 2026. The published window differs by geography because the Bureau's own files do: 60 months for states (Aug 2021 to Jul 2026), 60 for counties, 29 for metropolitan areas (Mar 2024 onward — the Bureau began publishing CBSA files in January 2024), and 24 for municipalities. Any figure described as trailing-twelve-month uses exactly the twelve months ending Jul 2026; where a geography lacks a full prior twelve months, its year-over-year cell is left empty rather than computed against a short window.
Seasonality and revision. The sub-national files are not seasonally adjusted, so month-over-month movement mixes signal with season. Year-over-year comparisons are same-month, and the trailing-twelve-month window is used wherever a trend is claimed. The Bureau revises recent months as late reports arrive; this edition's refresh re-fetched the full eighteen-month window and found no revision to any month in the published series.
Imputation. Every permit figure here is the Bureau's published total, which includes its imputation for jurisdictions that did not report in time. The files also carry a reported-only series; this report does not use it, so the totals reconcile to the Bureau's own published tables rather than to a subset of them.
Structure classes.“Single-family” is the one-unit class. “Multifamily” and “not 1-unit” mean every unit in a structure of two or more, matching the share the Bureau's own records carry; where the text refers to buildings of five or more units, it says so explicitly, because the two definitions differ by several percentage points. Construction valuation is reported for the programme as a whole and is not split by structure class.
Cities. The place files contain a row for each county's unincorporated balance alongside each incorporated municipality. Those rows are about a third of place-level units and carry no name. Every city figure is index-joined against the published municipality list, which excludes them; a municipality spanning several counties is summed into one record. Municipal population comes from the permit record itself.
Rates. Permits per 1,000 residents uses trailing-twelve-month units over 2025 Census population estimates. Per-capita boards apply a 25,000-resident floor for counties and municipalities and 100,000 for metros: below that, one apartment building decides the ranking. Growth boards require 500 units in the trailing year, because a percentage change on a base of four is not a measurement.
Housing costs. Market data is Redfin's county-level monthly series for June 2026, at county grain — the only grain Redfin publishes. It runs 1 month behind the permit release, so every supply-against-price comparison is struck at June 2026, the most recent month both series publish, and both sides of each comparison use the same month. Values are Redfin's published levels; all changes are computed here from those levels rather than read from the export's own year-over-year columns, one of which is mislabelled upstream. Cells for county-months with fewer than three sales, or with prices outside a plausibility band, are absent — absent, and never treated as zero.
Affordability.“Expensive” in the quadrant analysis is the ratio of a county's median sale price to its median household income, not a dollar threshold — the question is whether a home is dear to the people who live there. Income is the ACS 2020-2024 five-year estimate, the newest published at county grain; there is no monthly county income series, so the ratio necessarily pairs a June 2026 price with a five-year income window centred earlier. Incomes have risen since, so the ratios read slightly high in level while the ordering — which is what a median split consumes — is barely affected. Both figures are the same county's own; no income is pooled across geographies. Every one of the 1,002 counties in the join has a published income, so nothing is dropped for want of a denominator.
What this report will not do. It will not publish a state or metro median sale price. Redfin measures medians at county grain and a median of medians is not a median, so aggregate market context is built only from quantities that pool honestly: summed sales, listings and inventory, the sales-weighted share sold above list, and counts of counties moving in each direction. The supply-against-price join is restricted to counties above 50,000 residents with a published median, and ranked comparisons additionally require fifty sales in both months compared — 1,002 counties qualify, of 3,137 Redfin publishes.
Sources. U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey (state, county, metropolitan area and place files). U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Data provided by Redfin, a national real estate brokerage.
Note. This report is republished each month against the new release at the same address. Figures quoted from a prior edition may be restated here if the Bureau revised them; the Method section always describes the edition you are reading.